Protein Deficiency in American Wirehairs: Signs and Remedies

As an American Wirehair owner, you love your furry friend and want to ensure they’re healthy and happy. However, you may be unaware of the crucial role protein plays in their wellbeing. Protein is an essential nutrient that American Wirehairs require to build and maintain their muscles, skin, and coat. Yet, some signs of protein deficiency can be challenging to recognize, leaving your cat vulnerable to various health issues. In this article, we’ll delve into the significance of protein in American Wirehairs’ diet, the signs of protein deficiency, and what you can do to prevent it. Read on to learn how you can ensure your cat is getting the right amount of protein and enjoying optimal health.

Why is Protein Important for American Wirehairs?

Why Is Protein Important For American Wirehairs?
One of the most essential nutrients for American Wirehairs is protein. As obligate carnivores, these felines require a diet that is rich in high-quality animal protein to sustain their health and well-being. Protein plays an important role in various physiological processes in a cat’s body, including muscle development, enzyme synthesis, hormone regulation, and immune system function. Without adequate protein intake, American Wirehairs may experience a range of health issues. In the following sections, we will delve deeper into the importance of protein for American Wirehairs and its role in their overall health. If you’re interested in learning more about protein requirements for American Wirehairs, check out our comprehensive guide on the topic.

Proteins and Amino Acids

Proteins and Amino Acids

Proteins are essential nutrients for cats, including American Wirehairs, that are made up of amino acids. Amino acids are organic compounds that are necessary for the development, growth, and maintenance of the body. There are about 20 different amino acids present in feline diets, out of which 11 amino acids are essential for cats, meaning they cannot be synthesized naturally by the cat’s body and hence need to be obtained through diet.

American Wirehairs require a balanced diet that contains all essential amino acids, as a deficiency of any of these amino acids can cause health issues. The amino acids found in the diet are utilized by the body to promote proper growth, develop muscle mass, repair tissues, and produce enzymes and hormones. Protein is also necessary for a healthy immune system that helps in fighting diseases and infections.

As compared to dogs, cats have a higher protein requirement in their diets due to their unique metabolism. The protein requirement of American Wirehairs varies depending on factors such as age, weight, and level of physical activity. It is recommended that their diet should be composed of 35-45% protein on a dry matter basis.

Including sufficient animal-based proteins in the diet has been found to be effective in promoting muscle development in American Wirehairs. Animal-based proteins like meat, poultry, fish, and eggs contain all the essential amino acids that are needed by cats to maintain good health. Plant-based proteins can also be included in the diet, but it is important to ensure that they are supplemented with animal-based protein sources to make them a complete protein.

To learn more about the best protein sources for American Wirehairs, click on this link.

Role of Protein in a Cat’s Body

Protein plays an essential role in the overall health and well-being of American Wirehairs. It is a macronutrient that serves various important functions in a cat’s body. Some of the vital functions are listed below:

  • Building and Repairing Tissue: Protein is a basic building block of tissues like muscles, bones, skin, and fur. It provides the necessary amino acids that help in creating fresh tissue and repairing the damaged one.
  • Hormone and Enzyme Production: Hormones and enzymes are generated from amino acids which are the building blocks of protein. Hormones are responsible for regulating metabolism, growth, and development, while enzymes are essential in breaking down food and absorbed nutrients. Protein also helps in the production of neurotransmitters that aid nerve function and control behavioral and cognitive processes.
  • Energy Production: When there is a limited supply of carbohydrates and fats, the body burns protein to produce energy. This occurs when the cat has an insufficient calorie intake or inadequate energy reserves to support daily activities.
  • Maintaining a Healthy Immune System: Protein is necessary for the formation of antibodies, which builds up the immune system and aids in fighting off infections and diseases.

American Wirehairs require a balanced amount of protein in their diet to keep up with all these vital functions. A protein-deficient diet can lead to numerous health issues, including stunted growth and development, muscle weakness, and dull coat.

To learn more about how protein contributes to muscle development of American Wirehairs, check out our article “Protein for Muscle Development in American Wirehairs.” If you’re interested in knowing the difference between animal and plant protein for Wirehairs, read “Animal vs. Plant Protein for American Wirehairs.” Also, you need to know about the limits of protein intake for American Wirehairs and its adverse effects, read our article “Protein Limit for American Wirehairs.”

Signs and Symptoms of Protein Deficiency in American Wirehairs

Signs And Symptoms Of Protein Deficiency In American Wirehairs
As pet owners, it’s important to keep a close eye on our furry friends to recognize any unusual changes in behavior or physical appearance. And when it comes to American Wirehairs, a breed of cats that are naturally active and playful, protein deficiency can have various negative effects on their overall health. Low-quality protein intake or inadequate protein consumption can cause several signs and symptoms in American Wirehairs, affecting their growth, muscle tone, coat, and immune system. If you notice any of these signs, it’s crucial to take prompt and effective steps to remedy the situation. To learn more about specific warning signs and how to manage protein deficiencies in American Wirehairs, keep reading. And if you’re interested in understanding the importance of protein for your cat’s overall well-being, check out our article on why protein is important for American Wirehairs. If your cat is already experiencing protein deficiency, our guide on protein supplements for American Wirehairs can be a helpful resource.

Inadequate Growth and Development

One of the key signs of protein deficiency in American Wirehairs is inadequate growth and development. Without sufficient protein intake, your cat may experience stunted growth and delayed development. This can be particularly concerning if you have a kitten or a young American Wirehair.

Protein is necessary for many of the body’s critical functions, including growth and repair, and a lack of this vital nutrient can lead to a host of problems.

If you notice that your American Wirehair is not growing as fast as they should be or seem underdeveloped compared to other cats of their age, this could indicate a protein deficiency.

Other symptoms of inadequate growth and development can include:

Symptom Description
Small size Your cat may be smaller than expected for their age or breed.
Delayed motor skills Your cat may be slower to develop their motor skills, such as walking and playing.
Weakness Your cat may have weaker muscles or experience fatigue more easily.
Lack of coordination Your cat may have trouble with coordination and balance.

If you observe any of these signs, it is essential to consult your veterinarian. Your vet can assess your cat’s overall health and help determine the best course of action. A dietary change may be necessary to address the issue.

Incorporating high-quality protein sources into your cat’s diet is crucial to ensuring that they receive the protein they need to grow and develop correctly. Your vet may recommend a high-protein cat food or a homemade diet that includes various sources of protein.

If your American Wirehair is not growing or developing as expected, it’s important to take action quickly to address the issue. With the proper diet and care, most cats can overcome a protein deficiency and grow and develop normally.

Poor Muscle Tone and Weakness

Poor muscle tone and weakness are another common signs of protein deficiency in American Wirehairs. Due to lack of protein, their muscles are unable to develop properly, which can lead to reduced mobility. American Wirehairs suffering from protein deficiency may exhibit signs of lethargy and weakness, and they may struggle with everyday activities like climbing or jumping. Some notable indicators of poor muscle tone and weakness in American Wirehairs are:

  • Decreased agility: American Wirehairs may become increasingly less agile and struggle to jump or climb like they used to before.
  • Low energy levels: A lack of protein can cause your cat to become lethargic and uninterested in playing or participating in physical activities.
  • Reduced muscle mass: The muscles of an American Wirehair suffering from protein deficiency may appear smaller and less-toned than those of a healthy cat.
  • Difficulty moving: American Wirehairs lacking proper protein intake may find it challenging to move around or perform everyday activities they once enjoyed.

If your American Wirehair experiences any of these symptoms, it is crucial to seek veterinary attention immediately. A vet can provide guidance on protein-rich foods to add to your cat’s diet and other supplements that can improve their muscle strength and overall health.

Dull Coat and Hair Loss

The American Wirehair is known for having a thick and lustrous coat. However, if they are not getting enough protein, their coat may appear dull and they may experience hair loss. This can be a cause of concern for most cat owners and can indicate protein deficiency. Dull coat and hair loss can be attributed to protein deficiency because amino acids found in proteins are essential for hair growth and texture.

A protein-deficient diet can lead to the body breaking down proteins for basic bodily functions instead of using them for hair growth and maintenance. This can lead to a lack of luster and shine in your cat’s coat, and in severe cases, hair loss. The hair follicles in your cat’s skin require protein in order to grow and maintain healthy fur throughout their life.

If you notice any abnormal hair loss or dullness in your cat’s coat, it is important to seek veterinary care to determine the root cause. It may indeed be protein deficiency, but it could also be a sign of an underlying health issue.

In some cases, the dullness and hair loss could be due to external factors such as a flea infestation or ringworm. Ensuring that your cat is kept clean and free from external parasites can help prevent hair loss and other skin conditions. It is also important to choose and use appropriate grooming tools to prevent fur matting and promote healthy hair growth.

To prevent protein deficiency from causing dull coat and hair loss, it is important to provide your American Wirehair with a well-balanced diet that is rich in protein. This can include high-quality wet or dry cat food, as well as homemade meals. A high-protein diet can help ensure that your cat is getting the necessary amino acids to aid in hair growth and maintenance. Consult your veterinarian to determine the appropriate protein requirements for your cat and the best food sources for them.

Protein deficient diet causes Ways to prevent dull coat and hair loss
Lack of amino acids required for hair growth Regular vet checkups
Proteins being used for basic bodily functions rather than hair growth Providing a well-balanced diet that is rich in protein
Underlying health issues Maintaining hygiene and grooming your cat regularly

By taking preventive measures such as providing adequate and balanced diet and regular grooming, you can help prevent protein deficiency and promote healthy hair growth in your American Wirehair. It is important to keep these tips in mind to ensure that your cat stays healthy and happy.

Recurrent Infections

One of the signs of protein deficiency in American Wirehairs is recurrent infections. When a cat doesn’t get enough protein, its immune system is weakened, making it more susceptible to infections. These infections can occur anywhere in the body, but some common sites include the eyes, ears, mouth, and urinary tract.

Here are some signs that your cat might be suffering from a recurrent infection:

  • Frequent sneezing or coughing
  • Discharge from the eyes or nose
  • Ear infections
  • Bad breath or dental infections
  • Frequent urinary tract infections

If you notice any of these symptoms in your American Wirehair, it’s essential to seek veterinary care immediately. Recurrent infections can be extremely uncomfortable and even painful for your cat, and they can lead to more serious health problems if left untreated.

To treat the infections, your vet may prescribe antibiotics or other medications. However, it’s crucial to address the underlying cause of the infections by ensuring that your cat is getting enough protein in its diet.

Some preventive measures to avoid recurrent infections include:

  • Providing a well-balanced diet with enough protein
  • Encouraging your cat to drink plenty of water
  • Cleaning your cat’s ears and teeth regularly
  • Maintaining a clean litter box to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections
  • Scheduling regular vet checkups to catch any potential health problems early on

Remember, a healthy diet rich in protein is essential for maintaining your American Wirehair’s overall health and well-being. By identifying and addressing protein deficiency early on, you can help prevent more serious health problems from developing in the future.

Developing Protein-Rich Diet Plan for American Wirehairs

Developing Protein-Rich Diet Plan For American Wirehairs
When it comes to ensuring the overall health and wellbeing of American Wirehairs, providing a balanced and protein-rich diet is crucial. Developing a personalized nutrition plan can seem like a daunting task, but it doesn’t have to be. With a bit of research and guidance, you can create a diet plan that meets your cat’s specific protein needs and preferences. Let’s dive into the details of how to develop a protein-rich diet plan that works best for your American Wirehair.

Consulting a Vet

Before making any dietary changes, it is important to consult a veterinarian to determine if your American Wirehair is suffering from protein deficiency or any other health issues that may be causing their symptoms. This will help ensure that any adjustments to their diet will be safe and effective in addressing their needs.

During a consultation with a vet, they may perform a physical exam, run blood work, and ask about your cat’s current diet and symptoms. If protein deficiency is diagnosed, the vet may recommend dietary changes such as increasing the amount of protein in their diet or switching to a high-protein cat food.

It is important to follow the vet’s recommendations closely and not make any drastic dietary changes without their approval. They can also provide guidance on portion control and how often to feed your cat. In some cases, they may also recommend protein supplements to ensure that your American Wirehair is getting enough of this critical nutrient.

It’s important to keep in mind that every cat is different, and their dietary needs may vary based on factors such as age, activity level, and overall health. So, working with a vet will help you create a personalized nutrition plan that meets the specific needs of your American Wirehair.

Remember, dietary changes should be made gradually to prevent digestive upset. It may take some time to find the right balance of protein and other nutrients for your cat, so be patient and work with your vet to make adjustments as needed.

Best Protein Sources for American Wirehairs

When it comes to providing the best protein sources for American Wirehairs, there are numerous options available. Here are some of the best protein sources that can immensely help keep your cat healthy and fit:

  • Meat: As obligate carnivores, cats depend heavily on meat for the protein and other nutrients they need to survive. Lean meat like chicken, turkey, and beef is an excellent source of protein for American Wirehairs. Avoid feeding your cat fatty cuts of meat as they can cause digestive problems, obesity, and other health issues.
  • Fish: Fish is another excellent source of protein for American Wirehairs. It is also rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential for maintaining healthy skin, coat, and joints. However, some cats may be prone to urinary tract problems, so it’s essential to consult your vet before adding fish to your cat’s diet.
  • Eggs: Eggs are a great source of protein and are an excellent addition to your cat’s diet. They are also rich in essential amino acids that help support strong bones and muscles.
  • Dairy products: Dairy products like cottage cheese and plain yogurt are great sources of protein for cats. However, not all cats can tolerate lactose, so it’s essential to monitor your cat’s reaction when introducing dairy to their diet.
  • Plant-based protein sources: American Wirehairs can also benefit from plant-based protein sources like soy, wheat gluten, and corn gluten. However, plant-based proteins lack some essential amino acids that cats need and may not be as beneficial as animal-based proteins. So, it’s crucial to use them as a supplement to meat-based protein sources and not a replacement.

It’s important to remember that providing your American Wirehair with a balanced and varied diet that includes quality protein sources is crucial to their overall health and well-being. Consult your vet to determine the best high-protein diet plan that fits your cat’s individual needs and preferences.

Homemade High-Protein Cat Food Recipe

Feeding your American Wirehair cat with homemade high-protein cat food is a great way to ensure that they receive adequate protein in their diet. Here is a simple recipe for homemade high-protein cat food that you can try at home.

Homemade High-Protein Cat Food Recipe:

Ingredients Amount
Ground turkey or chicken 1 pound
Brown rice 1/4 cup
Cooked peas and carrots 1/4 cup
Parsley (chopped) 1 tablespoon
Egg (hard-boiled and chopped) 1
Chicken broth 1/4 cup

Instructions:

1. Cook the ground turkey or chicken in a frying pan until browned.
2. Cook the brown rice separately according to the package instructions.
3. In a separate pan, cook the peas and carrots until soft.
4. Combine all the ingredients including the chopped parsley, hard-boiled egg, and chicken broth in a large bowl.
5. Mix well until everything is evenly distributed.
6. Store the homemade high-protein cat food in an airtight container in the fridge for up to three days.

This recipe is a great way to ensure that your American Wirehair is getting a balanced and nutritious diet rich in protein. However, it is important to remember that every cat is unique and may have individualized nutritional needs. Consulting with a veterinarian is always recommended before making any significant changes to your cat’s diet.

Protein Supplements for American Wirehairs

In some cases, protein supplements may be recommended by a vet to ensure that your American Wirehair is getting enough protein in their diet. Before giving your cat any supplements, it is important to consult with a veterinarian, as too much protein in a cat’s diet can also be harmful.

The following are some protein supplements that are safe and effective for American Wirehairs:

  • Probiotics: These supplements can improve digestion and nutrient absorption, ensuring that your American Wirehair is getting the most out of their food.
  • Omega-3 fatty acids: These supplements can not only increase protein intake, but also improve coat and skin health.
  • Lysine: This amino acid supplement can help improve immune function and prevent infections, which is important for American Wirehairs who may be prone to recurrent infections due to a protein-deficient diet.

It is important to note that supplements should not replace a balanced, protein-rich diet, but rather be used as a complement to ensure your cat is getting all the nutrients they need. It is best to discuss supplement options with a veterinarian to determine which ones will be most beneficial for your American Wirehair’s specific needs.

Preventive Measures to Avoid Protein Deficiency in American Wirehairs

As a loving pet parent, you want to ensure that your American Wirehair stays healthy and happy. Preventing protein deficiency in American Wirehairs is crucial for their overall wellness. In this section, we will discuss several preventive measures that you can take to avoid protein deficiency in your feline friend. By following these measures, you can ensure that your American Wirehair receives the necessary amount of protein to maintain its health. Let’s dive into these preventive measures in more detail.

Providing Adequate and Balanced Diet

American Wirehairs need a diet that is rich in protein to support their muscular development and overall growth. It’s important to provide them with a balanced diet that includes all the essential nutrients they need. Here is a table of essential nutrients that should be included in a cat’s diet and their functions:

Nutrient Function Food Sources
Protein Builds and maintains muscle tissue, repairs cells, and supports immune function. Chicken, fish, beef, lamb, eggs, dairy, and plant-based sources like soy and peas.
Fat Provides energy, helps absorb fat-soluble vitamins, and supports cell growth and development. Animal fats, fish oil, vegetable oils, and some grains like corn and soy.
Carbohydrates Provides energy and supports digestive health. Grains like rice, corn, and oats, as well as vegetables like sweet potatoes and peas.
Vitamins and Minerals Supports various functions such as bone development, immune system support, and nerve function. Fruits, vegetables, dairy, meats, and grains.

It’s important to feed your American Wirehair a high-quality, protein-rich diet that is free from fillers and artificial ingredients. Look for cat food that lists meat as the first ingredient, and avoid foods that are high in carbohydrates or fillers like wheat, corn, and soy.

Also, make sure to feed your cat the appropriate amount of food based on their weight and age, as overfeeding can lead to obesity and other health problems. Finally, make sure your cat has access to fresh water at all times to avoid dehydration. By providing your American Wirehair with a balanced, nutritious diet, you can help prevent protein deficiency and ensure their overall health and wellbeing.

Regular Physical Activity

Just like humans, American Wirehairs also need regular physical activity to maintain overall health and prevent protein deficiency. Exercise helps in maintaining healthy muscle mass and keeping the body fit. Here are some benefits of regular physical activity for American Wirehairs:

Benefits of Regular Physical Activity for American Wirehairs
Improves muscle tone and strength
Boosts metabolism and improves digestion
Reduces the risk of obesity and related health issues
Increases bone density and prevents osteoporosis
Boosts mood and mental wellbeing

Regular physical activity also helps in improving blood circulation and delivering essential nutrients to the body tissues. However, it is important to note that each cat has different physical abilities, and therefore, exercise should be done moderately based on their age, size, and health conditions. Older cats may require less rigorous exercise, while kittens may require more frequent playtime.

Some fun activities that American Wirehairs enjoy include playing with toys, climbing trees, and chasing laser pointers. Interactive playtime with their owners can also provide mental stimulation and bonding experience. It is important to make gradual changes in their activity level and not to overexert them, as it can lead to injury or muscle strain.

A regular exercise routine can be simple and set aside a few minutes each day for playtime or physical activity. As always, it is advisable to consult with a veterinarian before starting any new exercise regimen for your American Wirehair.

Maintaining Hygiene

Ensuring proper hygiene for American Wirehairs is essential to prevent protein deficiency and other health issues. Here are some tips to maintain proper hygiene for your American Wirehairs:

  • Keep the litter box clean: Clean the litter box regularly to prevent urinary tract infections and other illnesses. Litter boxes should be scooped at least once a day and completely changed every week.
  • Regular grooming: Regular grooming can help prevent hairballs, matting, and other skin-related issues. Brush your American Wirehairs at least once a week to remove loose hair and prevent matting.
  • Bath time: American Wirehairs generally don’t enjoy being bathed, but it’s important to keep them clean to prevent bacterial skin infections. Bathing once every three months is ideal, and use a mild shampoo specifically formulated for cats.
  • Regular nail trimming: Trim your cat’s nails every two weeks to prevent discomfort and infections. Long nails can lead to ingrown nails, which can be painful and lead to infections.
  • Keep their feeding area clean: Make sure your American Wirehairs’ food and water bowls are clean to prevent the growth of bacteria. Wash the bowls with warm, soapy water at least once a week.
  • Regular dental care: Oral hygiene is essential for maintaining overall health. American Wirehairs are prone to dental issues, such as gingivitis and tartar build-up. Brush their teeth at least three times a week using a toothbrush and toothpaste specifically formulated for cats.

Maintaining proper hygiene for your American Wirehairs is essential for their well-being. A clean environment with good hygiene practices can prevent diseases and health issues that can lead to protein deficiency.

Regular Vet Checkups

Regular visits to the vet are crucial for the health and wellbeing of your American Wirehair. During these checkups, the vet can assess the cat’s overall health, including their protein levels, and identify any potential issues before they become serious. Prevention is better than cure, especially when it comes to your furry friend.

Here are some of the benefits of regular vet checkups for American Wirehairs:

  • Early Detection: Vets can identify any potential protein deficiency-related issues early on, such as poor muscle tone, and take the necessary steps to treat them before they cause any serious harm. Early detection can help prevent the cost and stress of serious treatment and improve the chances of a successful outcome.
  • Customised Diet Plan: Based on the cat’s overall health and protein levels, the vet can suggest a customised diet plan that includes the right amount and types of protein to meet your cat’s specific needs. This can help prevent protein deficiency and keep your cat healthy.
  • Ensuring Appropriate Treatment: If a protein deficiency-related issue is detected, the vet can recommend appropriate treatment, such as medication or supplements, to help rectify the issue. The vet can also monitor the cat’s progress and make necessary modifications to the treatment plan if needed.
  • Monitor Overall Health: During checkups, the vet can monitor your cat’s overall health, including their weight, temperature, and vital signs, to ensure they are healthy. This can help prevent other health issues from developing and keep your cat healthy and happy.

The bottom line: Regular vet checkups are essential for the health and wellbeing of your American Wirehair. Make sure to schedule checkups at least once a year to keep your furry friend healthy and happy.

Conclusion

After identifying the signs of protein deficiency and understanding the importance of protein for American Wirehairs, it is clear that a well-balanced, protein-rich diet is essential for their health and well-being. As responsible pet owners, we need to ensure that we are providing our furry companions with adequate nutrition to prevent protein deficiency and support their overall health.

Consulting with a vet to tailor a protein-rich diet plan according to the specific needs of your American Wirehair is highly recommended. This may include incorporating high-quality protein sources such as chicken, turkey, and fish in their diet or supplementing their meals with additional protein supplements.

It is also important to engage your pet in regular physical activity and maintain hygiene to prevent infections and illnesses that may weaken their immune system. Regular vet checkups can also aid in identifying early signs of protein deficiency or other health issues.

By following a well-planned protein-rich diet and taking preventive measures with proper exercise, hygiene, and regular checkups, you can ensure your American Wirehair remains healthy and happy for years to come. Give them the essential nutrients they need through a protein-rich diet, and they will reward you with a lifetime of love and loyalty.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is protein deficiency?

Protein deficiency is a condition that occurs when your American Wirehair cat’s body does not get enough protein or amino acids to perform essential functions in the body.

How much protein is necessary for American Wirehairs?

American Wirehairs need approximately 30-35% of their total diet to be composed of protein in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle.

What are the common signs of protein deficiency in American Wirehairs?

The common signs of protein deficiency in American Wirehairs are inadequate growth and development, poor muscle tone and weakness, dull coat and hair loss, and recurrent infections.

Can a protein-deficient American Wirehair recover?

Yes, a protein-deficient American Wirehair can recover with the help of a protein-dense diet and supplements, regular physical activity, and veterinary checkups.

What protein sources are good for American Wirehairs?

Chicken, beef, fish, and lamb are excellent protein sources for American Wirehairs. Eggs and dairy products are also good sources of protein.

What are some homemade high-protein cat food recipes?

A homemade high-protein cat food recipe may include chicken, beef, lamb, or fish, mixed with vegetables like sweet potato, spinach, or carrot, and a bit of brown rice or lentils.

Can I give protein supplements to my cat, and if so, what are the best ones?

Yes, protein supplements can be given to your cat to boost their protein intake. Whey protein, egg white protein, and soy protein are some of the best supplements to choose from.

What is the best way to prevent protein deficiency in American Wirehairs?

The best way to prevent protein deficiency in American Wirehairs is by providing a balanced diet with adequate protein, regular physical activity, maintaining hygiene, and regular visits to the vet.

Can giving too much protein hurt my American Wirehair?

A high protein diet will not harm an American Wirehair cat as long as it is balanced, varied, and supplemented with other essential nutrients to avoid excessive protein consumption and prevent other health problems.

Why is protein important for cats?

Protein is essential for a cat’s growth, development, and overall health. It provides them with amino acids that are used to build and repair muscle and cells in their bodies, regulate hormones and enzymes, and maintain a healthy immune system.

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