The Importance of Protein in Your American Wirehair’s Diet

As a devoted owner of an American Wirehair, you want to ensure that your feline companion receives the best care possible, which includes providing a healthy and nutritious diet. Protein is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in maintaining your cat’s overall health and well-being. However, with so many different types of cat food available on the market, it can be challenging to determine the best sources of protein for your pet. In this article, we will explore the significance of protein in your American Wirehair’s diet, the appropriate amount of protein needed, potential risks of protein deficiencies, and guidelines for choosing the right protein-rich food.

What is Protein?

Proteins are the building blocks of life and are crucial for the proper functioning and growth of your American Wirehair. Proteins are large molecules made up of smaller units called amino acids. These amino acids are joined together in a specific sequence and folded into a specific shape to create the protein molecule. There are a total of 22 different types of amino acids, out of which 9 are considered essential, which means that your American Wirehair must obtain them from its diet.

Proteins are required for a wide range of functions in your American Wirehair’s body, including the formation of enzymes and hormones, as well as the building and repair of tissues. Proteins also play a key role in maintaining a strong and functioning immune system. Without enough protein, your cat’s body will not be able to perform these vital functions.

As obligate carnivores, American Wirehairs require a diet high in protein to meet their unique nutritional needs. Compared to other cat breeds, American Wirehairs require a higher protein intake to maintain their muscle mass and overall health.

Providing your American Wirehair with high-quality protein sources is essential for ensuring that they remain healthy and strong throughout their life. Keep reading to learn more about the importance of protein in your American Wirehair’s diet and how much they need to stay healthy and happy.

Why is Protein Important for Your American Wirehair?

Protein is essential for the overall health and well-being of your American Wirehair. It plays a crucial role in their growth, development, and overall maintenance of muscles, tissues, and organs. Without adequate amounts of protein in their diet, your American Wirehair may suffer from several health problems. In this section, we will explore the significance of protein for your furry friend and discuss how it contributes to their healthy life. Additionally, we will discuss the consequences of protein deficiency and overconsumption in American Wirehairs. Let’s delve into the world of protein and dietary needs of your feline friend. To ensure the optimal health of your beloved pet, it is essential to understand what role protein plays in their diet.

Growth and Development

As a kitten, your American Wirehair undergoes rapid growth and development. This is a critical phase of life where proper nutrition plays a critical role. Protein plays an essential role in this phase of development, as it is a building block for all body tissues. It is especially important for the development of strong muscles, bones, and cartilage to support the growing body.

To ensure proper growth and development, it is essential to provide your American Wirehair with a diet rich in protein. The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) recommends a minimum of 22% protein in cat food for growth and development. This protein should come from high-quality sources such as whole meats, poultry, or fish.

Include protein-rich options in your kitten’s meals to provide them with the necessary nutrients. For example, you can add chicken, lean beef, or turkey to their meals, which are excellent animal-based protein sources to include in their diet. Additionally, you can provide them with dry or wet food that contains meat as the first ingredient.

It is important to understand that not all proteins are created equal. Animal-based protein sources such as chicken or turkey provide your kitten with the essential amino acids that promote growth and development. In contrast, plant-based protein sources such as soy or wheat are inferior protein sources for your American Wirehair kittens. So, it’s best to stick to animal-based protein sources.

Providing your kitten with a protein-rich diet during this growth and development stage not only supports healthy growth and development but also sets them up for long-term health. Remember to monitor their overall weight and growth to ensure they are receiving a well-balanced diet.

Continued attention to their diet even after they are fully grown is important. Without the right amount of protein in their diet, adult American Wirehairs may experience problems with muscle maintenance, and they may be at higher risk for age-related diseases. So, giving your cat the right amount of protein throughout their life will help them lead a happier, healthier life.

If you want to learn more about the mistakes you have to avoid when feeding your American Wirehair, click here to read our article on common feeding mistakes.

Muscle Maintenance and Repair

Protein plays a critical role in the maintenance and repair of your American Wirehair’s muscles. This is especially important for active cats who spend a lot of time running, jumping, and climbing. When your cat exercises, their muscles undergo wear and tear, and protein is necessary to help repair and rebuild them.

Without adequate protein, your American Wirehair may experience muscle weakness, which can affect their agility and mobility. To prevent this, make sure that your cat’s diet includes high-quality protein sources such as meat, poultry, and fish. Some examples of protein-rich foods you can feed your American Wirehair include chicken, turkey, beef, salmon, and tuna.

If you’re worried about your cat becoming overweight, you can choose leaner protein sources such as chicken breast or fish. These foods contain high-quality protein without the excess fat that can contribute to weight gain. Additionally, you can supplement your cat’s diet with protein-rich cat treats or wet food that will help them meet their daily protein requirements.

Remember that your American Wirehair’s need for protein may vary depending on their age, weight, and activity level. For best results, it’s essential to consult with your veterinarian to determine the appropriate amount of protein your cat should be consuming each day.

When your American Wirehair consumes adequate amounts of protein, their muscles will be able to recover more quickly from exercise, and they will be better equipped to handle any physical challenge that comes their way. Ensure their diet includes sufficient amounts of protein to keep them happy, healthy, and active.

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Immune System Support

Protein is essential for supporting the immune system of your American Wirehair. Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, help to produce immune cells, antibodies, and enzymes that protect your cat from harmful pathogens. Without sufficient protein, your American Wirehair’s immune system may become weakened, and they may be more susceptible to infections, diseases, and other health problems.

Here are some of the ways that protein supports your American Wirehair’s immune system:

• Antibody Production: Antibodies are proteins that help to neutralize harmful bacteria and viruses in your cat’s body. To produce antibodies, your cat requires an adequate supply of dietary protein.
• White Blood Cell Production: White blood cells are a crucial part of the immune system that help to attack and destroy harmful pathogens. Protein is essential for the production of white blood cells, so a lack of protein in the diet could weaken your cat’s immune system.
• Wound Healing: Protein is also essential for repairing and regenerating tissues in the body. This is important for wound healing, which is essential for preventing infections and other complications.
• Antioxidant Production: Some proteins also have antioxidant properties that can help to protect the body from oxidative stress and other forms of cellular damage.

To support your American Wirehair’s immune system, make sure that their diet contains high-quality sources of protein, such as lean meats, poultry, fish, and eggs. You can also include plant-based sources of protein, such as legumes, tofu, and quinoa, but keep in mind that these may not be as easy for your cat to digest as animal-based protein.

It’s also essential to provide your cat with a balanced and nutritious diet that meets their specific dietary needs. Consult with your veterinarian, who can recommend the best diet for your American Wirehair based on their age, health, and other factors.

Reference: Balanced Diet for American Wirehairs Health Issues.

How Much Protein Does Your American Wirehair Need?

Protein is an essential nutrient for your American Wirehair cat’s diet. It plays a vital role in your cat’s growth and development, muscle maintenance and repair, and immune system support. Adult cats need about 2.5-4.5 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day. However, the exact amount of protein your cat needs depends on various factors such as age, activity level, and overall health.

Kittens require a higher amount of protein compared to adult cats. It is recommended that kittens should consume around 30-35% protein in their diet. Pregnant and nursing cats also need more protein as their body is supporting the growth and development of multiple kittens.

On the other hand, senior cats may require a lower amount of protein as they tend to be less active and lose muscle mass. However, it is important to note that protein is still essential for older cats as it helps maintain their muscle mass and supports their immune system.

It is also important to choose high-quality protein sources for your American Wirehair. Animal-based proteins are considered to be of higher quality compared to plant-based proteins as they contain all essential amino acids that cats need for their growth and development. Nevertheless, you can feed your cat with a combination of both animal and plant-based proteins to ensure a balanced diet.

In addition to protein, it is important to consider the overall nutritional balance of your cat’s diet. Feeding your American Wirehair a balanced diet can help prevent health issues such as obesity, dental problems, and other diseases. To ensure that your cat’s diet is balanced, you can consult with a veterinarian or a pet nutritionist.

It is crucial to meet your American Wirehair’s protein requirements according to their age, activity level, and overall health to ensure optimal growth, development, and health throughout their life.

Sources of Protein for Your American Wirehair

Sources of Protein for Your American Wirehair

If you have decided to give your American Wirehair cat a high-protein diet, it’s important to consider the sources of protein you are providing. There are a variety of foods that can provide ample protein to meet your cat’s dietary needs.

Animal-based protein such as chicken, turkey, beef, fish, and eggs are excellent sources of protein for your American Wirehair. These proteins are complete proteins, meaning they contain all of the essential amino acids your cat needs to thrive. Fish, in particular, is a great source of lean protein and omega-3 fatty acids, which are important for healthy skin and coat.

Plant-based protein sources such as peas, soy, and legumes can also be beneficial for your cat. However, it’s important to note that plant-based proteins are incomplete and may require additional supplementation to ensure your cat is getting all of the necessary amino acids.

When selecting protein sources for your cat, consider their preferences and any dietary restrictions or allergies. It’s also important to vary the types of protein you offer your cat to ensure they are getting a varied and balanced diet.

Additionally, it’s important to choose high-quality protein sources that are free from artificial additives, preservatives, and fillers. Raw or minimally processed protein sources are preferred as they retain their nutrient content compared to commercial cat foods that are loaded with artificial preservatives. Consult with your veterinarian to discuss feeding a balanced and protein-rich diet for your American Wirehair cat.

Link: If you want to learn more about raw vs commercial cat food for American Wirehair co, you can check our previous article Raw vs. Commercial Cat Food for American Wirehair.

What Happens If Your American Wirehair Doesn’t Get Enough Protein?

It’s crucial to ensure your American Wirehair receives enough protein in their diet, as a lack of protein can have detrimental effects on their overall health and wellbeing. Protein plays a crucial role in many biological processes within your cat’s body, and without an adequate intake, a range of issues can arise. These could include weight loss, muscle wasting, and poor skin and coat health. It’s vital to understand the signs of protein deficiency and take action to ensure your furry friend’s diet is providing them with the essential nutrients they require. If you’re interested in learning more about the benefits and drawbacks of different diets for American Wirehairs, check out our article on feeding American Wirehairs.

Weight Loss and Muscle Wasting

Not providing enough protein to your American Wirehair can lead to various health issues, one of which is weight loss and muscle wasting. Protein plays a crucial role in muscle building and maintenance, and not providing enough of it can lead to muscle wasting, especially in older cats.

Also, when your American Wirehair doesn’t get an adequate amount of protein, it can lead to weight loss and a decrease in body mass. It happens because when the body doesn’t get enough protein, it starts breaking down muscles to meet its requirements. This can lead to a weakened skeletal structure and a decline in overall health and energy levels.

To prevent weight loss and muscle wasting, it is essential to make sure that your American Wirehair’s diet is high in protein. Consult with your veterinarian to determine how much protein your cat needs, and choose a diet that meets those requirements.

Ensuring your cat maintains a healthy weight is vital as well. Obesity can lead to various health concerns that can impact your cat’s overall health and quality of life. Check out our article on “Obesity, Wirehairs, Diet & Exercise” for more information on maintaining a healthy weight.

In addition to providing adequate amounts of protein, proper oral health is essential to your cat’s overall wellbeing. Poor oral health can lead to various health concerns, including weight loss. Check out our article on “Diet and Oral Health for American Wirehairs” to learn more about how oral health and diet are interconnected.

Poor Skin and Coat Health

A lack of protein in your American Wirehair’s diet can lead to poor skin and coat health. This is because protein is essential for the growth and maintenance of skin and hair cells. Without enough protein, your cat may experience dry, flaky skin and a dull coat that easily breaks and falls out.

Inadequate protein intake may also result in less natural oil being produced by your cat’s skin glands, which can lead to a dull and brittle coat that is prone to breakage and shedding.

If you notice your American Wirehair frequently scratching, licking or biting their skin, or if they have hair loss or bald patches, it could be a sign that they are not getting enough protein in their diet. Additionally, if you notice that their fur appears dull or lacks luster, this could also be a symptom of inadequate protein intake.

To prevent poor skin and coat health in your American Wirehair, make sure they are getting sufficient amounts of protein in their diet. Incorporating food that contains high-quality protein, such as lean meat or fish, can help to support healthy skin and coat.

Here are some tips for choosing protein-rich food for your cat:

• Look for cat food that lists high-quality protein sources as the main ingredient.
• Consider wet food, as it often contains more protein than dry food.
• Include animal-based proteins in your cat’s diet, as they contain all essential amino acids.
• If your cat is allergic to certain proteins, choose plant-based options such as soy or quinoa.
• Consult with your veterinarian to determine the appropriate amount of protein needed for your cat’s individual needs.

By ensuring your American Wirehair gets enough protein in their diet, you can help support their skin and coat health, as well as their overall well-being.

Immune System Suppression

When your American Wirehair doesn’t get enough protein in their diet, it can lead to a weakened immune system. The immune system is what fights off infections and diseases, so it’s crucial that it stays strong. Here are some ways protein deficiency can suppress your cat’s immune system:

• Decreased Antibody Production: Antibodies are proteins that help your American Wirehair fight off infections. Without enough protein, their body may not produce enough antibodies, making them more susceptible to illnesses.
• Impaired Immune Cell Function: Immune cells, such as white blood cells, rely on protein to function properly. Protein deficiency can result in impaired immune cell function, making it more difficult for your cat to fight off infections.
• Inflammation: A lack of protein can also lead to chronic inflammation in the body. This can suppress the immune system and leave your American Wirehair vulnerable to illness.

In addition to these effects, a protein-deficient diet can also cause other health problems in your American Wirehair. Proper nutrition is crucial for their overall health and well-being.

Signs that Your American Wirehair is Protein Deficient

It’s important to keep an eye out for signs that your American Wirehair may be protein deficient, as this can lead to serious health consequences. One possible sign of protein deficiency is excessive shedding, as proteins are the building blocks for healthy fur and skin. Additionally, if your cat’s fur starts to look dull or brittle, it might be a sign that they aren’t getting enough protein.

Another potential symptom of protein deficiency in cats is muscle weakness and wasting. If your American Wirehair seems less active than usual, seems to have trouble jumping or climbing, or is losing muscle tone, it could be because they aren’t getting enough protein to support muscle growth and maintenance. Similarly, a noticeable decrease in appetite can be a sign of protein deficiency.

Poor immune system function is another possible outcome of protein deficiency, as proteins are essential for developing antibodies and other immune system components. If your cat seems to be getting sick more frequently than usual, or has trouble recovering from a minor bug, it could be because they aren’t getting enough protein.

It’s important to be aware that these symptoms can occur due to a range of issues, and that protein deficiency is just one possible cause. This is why it’s so important to monitor your American Wirehair’s health closely, and to consult with a veterinarian if you notice any worrying changes.

Can Your American Wirehair Have Too Much Protein?

While protein is crucial for your American Wirehair’s diet, too much of anything can have negative consequences. Overfeeding with protein can lead to weight gain and potentially cause organ damage over time due to an increase in nitrogen waste production. When there is an excessive amount of protein in your cat’s diet, the body’s metabolism may convert it to fat, leading to an increase in weight. Obesity is a serious health issue for cats and can lead to conditions such as diabetes, arthritis, and heart disease, among others.

Cats with renal or liver problems can suffer from too much protein consumption. In these cases, high protein intake can lead to kidney or liver damage and cause further health problems. While protein is essential for maintaining muscle mass, excess protein can stress the kidneys and liver which are responsible for filtering and eliminating waste from the body.

It is crucial to ensure that your American Wirehair’s diet is well-balanced and designed to meet their unique nutritional requirements. Overfeeding with protein can be just as detrimental to their health as not providing enough protein. Consult with your veterinarian to determine the appropriate amount of protein for your cat based on their age, weight, activity level, and any underlying health conditions. Proper nutrition is key to maintaining your cat’s health and preventing any adverse health effects from too much or too little protein in their diet.

Choosing the Right Protein-Rich Food for Your American Wirehair

As a responsible pet owner, selecting the right types of food for your American Wirehair is crucial not only for their overall health but also for their protein intake. It’s essential to choose protein-rich food that caters to your feline’s dietary needs and preferences. With countless options available in the market, it can be overwhelming to choose the right type of food that provides optimum nutrition and protein levels. It’s crucial to take several aspects into consideration, including wet vs dry food, animal vs. plant-based protein, and food label reading. Let’s dive into the details of selecting the perfect protein-rich food for your American Wirehair.

Wet vs. Dry Food

When it comes to choosing the right type of food for your American Wirehair, the debate between wet and dry food has been ongoing for years. Both types of food have their pros and cons, which makes it challenging to pick one that is best for your feline friend.

Wet Food

Wet food, also known as canned food, has a high moisture content and is an excellent source of hydration for your American Wirehair. The high water content in wet food can keep your cat hydrated, reducing the risk of urinary tract infections and other health issues.

Another advantage of wet food is that it tends to be more palatable than dry food. Cats have a keen sense of smell and taste, and wet food tends to have a stronger scent and taste, making it more appealing to fussy eaters. Additionally, wet food is easy for kittens and senior cats to eat, as it is soft and easy to chew.

However, wet food can be more expensive than dry food, and you may need to purchase it more frequently due to its shorter shelf life. Additionally, wet food can cause dental problems for cats, as it tends to stick to their teeth and gums.

Dry Food

Dry food, also known as kibble, is a convenient and cost-effective way to provide your American Wirehair with all the necessary nutrition they need. As it has a lower moisture content than wet food, dry food can help your cat maintain healthy teeth and gums by reducing the buildup of plaque and tartar.

Another advantage of dry food is its convenience. You can leave your cat’s bowl of dry food out all day without worrying about it spoiling, making it ideal for busy pet owners.

However, dry food can be less palatable than wet food, and some cats may refuse to eat it. Additionally, it may not provide your cat with enough hydration, which could lead to health problems.

Ultimately, whether to feed your American Wirehair dry food or wet food will depend on your cat’s specific needs and preferences. It is essential to consult with your veterinarian to determine which type of food will provide your feline friend with the best nutrition and hydration.

Animal vs. Plant-Based Protein

When it comes to choosing a protein source for your American Wirehair’s diet, you may wonder whether animal or plant-based protein is better. Both options have their advantages and disadvantages, so it’s important to weigh them carefully.

Animal-based protein is derived from animal sources such as meat, eggs, and dairy. Animal protein is considered a complete protein because it contains all of the essential amino acids that your American Wirehair needs to thrive. These amino acids are the building blocks of muscle tissue, so animal protein is especially important for maintaining muscle mass in your cat.

On the other hand, some animal protein sources can be high in fat and cholesterol, which can lead to obesity and heart disease if consumed in excess. Additionally, many animals are raised on factory farms and fed a diet of antibiotics and hormones, which can make their meat less healthy for your cat to consume.

Plant-based protein, on the other hand, comes from sources such as beans, lentils, and soy. While plant protein is often lower in fat than animal protein, it is not always a complete protein. Some amino acids may be missing from certain plant sources, so it’s important to feed your American Wirehair a variety of plant-based protein sources to ensure they receive all of the essential amino acids they need.

However, plant-based protein sources can be a good option for American Wirehairs with food allergies or sensitivities to certain types of meat. Additionally, many plant-based protein sources are less likely to be contaminated with antibiotics and hormones, making them a healthier choice for your cat.

Here’s a breakdown of some common animal and plant-based protein sources:

Ultimately, the best protein source for your American Wirehair will depend on their individual needs and preferences. Consider consulting with your veterinarian or a professional animal nutritionist to determine the optimal balance of animal and plant-based protein for your cat’s diet.

Reading Food Labels

When choosing a protein-rich food for your American Wirehair, it’s important to read the food labels carefully. Here are some things to look out for:

• Protein Content: Check the percentage of protein in the food. A high-quality cat food should have at least 25% protein for adult cats and 30% for kittens.
• First Ingredient: Make sure that the first ingredient listed is a source of animal protein, such as chicken, beef, or fish. This ensures that the food contains a high-quality protein source.
• Avoid Fillers: Look out for fillers such as corn, wheat, and soy, as they can be difficult for your cat to digest and offer little nutritional value.
• Other Nutrients: Check that the food also contains other essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and healthy fats.

It’s also important to keep in mind that the ingredients are listed by weight, so the first few ingredients are the most important. If a protein source is listed lower down on the ingredient list, it may not be a significant part of the food.

When selecting a protein-rich food, it’s crucial to look for a high-quality product that meets all of your cat’s nutritional needs. Reading food labels can help you to make an informed decision and choose the best food for your American Wirehair. If you’re unsure which food is best for your cat, consult with your veterinarian for personalized dietary advice.

Consulting with Your Veterinarian

When it comes to choosing the right protein-rich food for your American Wirehair, it’s important to consult with your veterinarian for personalized recommendations. Every cat is unique and their dietary needs may vary based on factors such as age, weight, and health conditions.

Here are some reasons why consulting with your veterinarian is important:

• They can recommend specific brands and formulations. Your veterinarian can suggest high-quality protein-rich food options that are tailored to your American Wirehair’s needs. This can be especially helpful if your cat has specific health issues, such as kidney disease or allergies, that require a special diet.
• They can help you determine the right amount of protein for your cat. While the recommended protein intake for cats is generally between 25-45% of their daily caloric intake, your veterinarian can help you determine the exact amount of protein your cat needs based on their individual needs and activity level.
• They can monitor your cat’s health and adjust their diet as needed. By bringing your American Wirehair for regular check-ups, your veterinarian can monitor their health and make adjustments to their diet if necessary. This can be especially important if your cat experiences any changes in weight, activity level, or health conditions.

In addition to consulting with your veterinarian, it’s also important to pay attention to your American Wirehair’s behavior and overall health to ensure they are getting the proper amount of protein. Be on the lookout for signs of protein deficiency or excess, and if you have any concerns, don’t hesitate to consult with your veterinarian for guidance.

Conclusion

After reading this article, you should have a better understanding of the crucial role that protein plays in your American Wirehair’s diet. Protein is essential for your cat’s growth, development, and overall health. It aids in muscle maintenance and repair, supports the immune system, and keeps your furry friend’s skin and coat healthy.

It’s important to ensure that your American Wirehair is getting enough protein in their diet. The amount of protein required varies depending on factors such as age, weight, and activity level. You should consult with your veterinarian to determine the ideal amount of protein for your cat’s individual needs.

Choosing the right sources of protein for your American Wirehair is also important. Wet food may be a better option for some cats as it often contains higher quality proteins, while dry food can provide convenience and help maintain dental health. Animal-based proteins, such as those found in meat and fish, are generally considered to be of higher quality than plant-based proteins.

However, it’s also important to read food labels and consult with your veterinarian to ensure that the protein-rich food you choose is of good quality and meets your cat’s nutritional needs. It’s possible for your American Wirehair to have too much protein, which can lead to negative health outcomes.

In summary, protein is an important component of your American Wirehair’s diet that supports their growth, development, and overall health. Ensure that your cat is receiving the appropriate amount of protein, choose high-quality protein sources, and consult with your veterinarian for guidance. By prioritizing your American Wirehair’s protein intake, you can help ensure their long-term health and happiness.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What are the benefits of providing protein to American Wirehair cats?

Protein is important for the growth and development of American Wirehair cats, supports their immune system, and helps maintain and repair their muscles.

2. How much protein does an American Wirehair cat need?

An adult American Wirehair cat typically needs around 25-35% of their daily diet to come from protein sources.

3. What are the best sources of protein for American Wirehair cats?

The best sources of protein for American Wirehair cats are meat-based products such as chicken, beef, and fish.

4. Can American Wirehair cats have too much protein?

While it is rare for an American Wirehair cat to consume too much protein, an excess of protein can cause kidney problems in cats with pre-existing conditions.

5. How do you know if your American Wirehair cat is protein deficient?

Signs that your American Wirehair cat is protein deficient may include weight loss, muscle wasting, and poor skin and coat health.

6. What happens if an American Wirehair cat doesn’t get enough protein?

If an American Wirehair cat doesn’t get enough protein, they may experience weight loss, muscle wasting, poor skin and coat health, and a weakened immune system.

7. Should I choose wet or dry food for my American Wirehair cat?

Both wet and dry food can provide ample protein for your American Wirehair cat, but wet food may be more palatable and can help with hydration.

8. Can American Wirehair cats thrive on a plant-based protein diet?

No, American Wirehair cats are obligate carnivores and require meat-based proteins for their optimal health.

9. Is it important to read food labels when choosing protein-rich food for my American Wirehair cat?

Yes, reading food labels can help you determine the quality and quantity of protein in the food you are providing your American Wirehair cat.

10. When should I consult with my veterinarian about my American Wirehair’s protein intake?

If you are concerned about your American Wirehair cat’s protein intake or have noticed any of the signs of protein deficiency, it is always best to consult with your veterinarian for personalized advice.

References

• American Wirehair Cat Breeds Facts and Traits